Symptoms
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
The symptoms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) can differ from person to person, even among relatives with the condition.
Symptoms can vary depending on the type of CMT, and even people with the same type can experience it differently.
For example, it's not possible to predict the age at which symptoms will first appear, how quickly the condition will progress, or its severity.
Read about the causes of CMT for more information on the different types.
Early symptoms of CMT
CMT is a progressive condition, which means the symptoms gradually get worse over time.
This means it may be difficult to spot symptoms in young children who have CMT.
Signs that a young child may have CMT include:
- appearing unusually clumsy and accident-prone for their age
- difficulty walking because they may have problems lifting their feet from the ground
- their toes dropping forward as they lift their feet (foot drop)
Main symptoms of CMT
The main symptoms of CMT usually appear between the ages of 5 and 15, although they sometimes do not develop until well into middle age or later.
Some of the main symptoms of CMT include:
- muscle weakness in the feet, ankles and legs at first
- feet that are very highly arched, which can make the ankle unstable, or having very flat feet
- curled toes (hammer toes)
- an awkward or high step and difficulty using the ankle muscles to lift the foot, which makes walking more difficult
- a lack of sensation in the arms and feet
- cold hands and feet caused by poor circulation
- wasting of the muscles in the lower legs, causing legs to have a distinctive "upside-down champagne bottle" shape
- feeling tired a lot of the time as a result of the extra effort it takes to move around
Some people also develop additional problems, such as:
- uncontrollable shaking (tremor)
- abnormal curvature of the spine (scoliosis)
- problems speaking, breathing or swallowing (dysphagia)– these symptoms are rare in CMT
Later symptoms of CMT
As CMT progresses, the muscle weakness and lack of sensation gets worse and starts to affect your hands and arms more.
This can lead to problems with both manual dexterity and hand strength, making tasks like doing up the buttons of a shirt very difficult.
Persistent problems with walking and posture can put excessive strain on your body, which often leads to muscle and joint pain.
Less commonly, damaged nerves may also cause pain, known as neuropathic pain.
Problems with mobility and walking tend to get worse with age. It's uncommon to lose the ability to walk completely, but older people with CMT often need a walking aid to get around.